Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or mers. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a growing global concern given its high fatality rate, killing nearly 40% of those infected. Laboratory testing for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov imterim guidance. All cases have been linked to countries in or near the arabian peninsula. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov was isolated in 2012 and is well known to cause the respiratory syndrome. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a respiratory illness. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Dromedary camels, hosts for merscov, are implicated in direct or.
Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Pdf a case of imported middle east respiratory syndrome. In countries where middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov infection is prevalent in dromedary camels i. Pdf climate factors and incidence of middle east respiratory. Coronaviruses cov are a broad family of viruses named after the crownlike spikes on their surface. Oboho ik, tomczyk sm, alasmari am, banjar aa, almugti h, aloraini ms, et al. The middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a novel lethal zoonotic disease of hu mans endemic to the middle east, caused by the mers coronavirus merscov.
It was first reported on 24 september 2012 by an egyptian virologist, dr. Based on its genome sequence, the virus has been classified within lineage 2c of the genus betacoronavirus. Most cases have been reported from the arabian peninsula and around 84% specifically from saudi arabia, and all. Pharmacologic treatments and supportive care for middle east respiratory syndrome. The orf1ab gene is known to mediate merscov replication. Typical symptoms include fever, cough, diarrhea, and shortness of breath. Mers is caused by the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. These data may be merged with other datasets, such as who or oie. Pharmacologic treatments and supportive care for middle. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers approach bmj. Bactrian camels shed large quantities of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov after experimental infection. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov summary of current situation.
Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is an illness caused by a virus more specifically, a coronavirus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers emerged as a significant illness on the saudi arabian peninsula in mid2012, and the causative agent was identified as a novel coronavirus cov, merscov. May 24, 2014 middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections, tunisia, 20. Illness is primarily of the respiratory tract with a wide clinical spectrum. Between april 2012 and december 2019, 2499 laboratoryconfirmed cases of merscov infection, including 858 deaths 343%. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a lethal zoonotic. Mers is caused by a coronavirus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Pdf middle east respiratory syndrome mers is viral respiratory illness that was lately recognized in human.
Emerg microbes infect 2019 published online may 23 diagnostic delays in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients and health systems. The species is a member of the genus betacoronavirus and subgenus merbecovirus. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a severe respiratory illness that mainly involves the upper respiratory tract. However, we dont fully understand the precise ways that it spreads. Risk factors for primary middle east respiratory syndrome. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus may also spread through aerosols generated during various dental treatments, resulting in transmission between patients and dentists. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov infection in humans is highly lethal, with a fatality rate of 35%. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov who. Severe disease is characterized by fever and pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome ards while milder illness generally manifests as fever and milder symptoms. This report provides the latest information on mers. This virus was first reported in 2012 in saudi arabia. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a viral respiratory illness.
Genetic evidence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The eight women were residents of a dormitory for approximately 800. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a viral respiratory illness, caused by coronavirus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Aug 02, 2019 middle east respiratory syndrome mers is an illness caused by a virus more specifically, a coronavirus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus an overview. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers health encyclopedia. Merscov causes acute respiratory disease that has a high casefatality rate 2. Although mers is endemic to the middle east, travelers have exported merscov on return to their home countries.
Intermittent sporadic cases, community clusters, and nosocomial outbreaks of merscov continue to occur. A febrile acute respiratory illness with clinical, radiologic, or histopathologic evidence of pulmonary parenchymal disease e. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a lethal zoonotic pathogen that was first identified in humans in saudi arabia and jordan in 2012. Infektionskrankheiten az mers middle east respiratory. Cases with direct or indirect connection to the middle east have also been reported by france, germany, and the united kingdom. A database of geopositioned middle east respiratory syndrome. Middle east respiratory syndrome, also known as mers, is a respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus. Risk assessment guidelines for infectious diseases. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov saudi arabia. Jun 05, 2015 the outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome in south korea has raised fears about the diseases potential for further contagion. May 10, 2019 middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a respiratory disease caused by a newly recognized coronavirus merscov. Pdf middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. This study aimed to estimate the monthly incidence of merscov cases. Since the first case of middle east respiratory syndrome was reported on may 20, 2015 in south korea, 186 people, including health care workers, were infected, and 36 died.
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov description of illness. Mers should be considered when a severe respiratory illness occurs in the 2 weeks following residence in or travel to the middle east or areas of outbreak, andor close contact with infected individuals. As recent as 2015, mers had outbreaks in south korea, resulting in 36 deaths among 186 infected patients. Phylogenetic relationships among members of the subfamily coronavirinae and taxonomic position of merscov. Approximately 35% of reported patients with mers have died. Temporal dynamics of middle east respiratory syndrome. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a lethal zoonotic pathogen that was first identified in humans in saudi. Merscov has spread from ill people to others through close contact, such as caring for or living with an infected person. Periodic outbreaks continue to occur in the middle east and elsewhere. Mers monthly summary, november 2019 at the end of november 2019, a total of 2494 laboratoryconfirmed cases of middle east respiratory syndrome mers, including 858 associated deaths casefatality rate.
Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus finland. Infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov was suspected on march 21 and confirmed on march 23. Singledose, intranasal immunization with recombinant. The disease is typically more severe in those with other health problems. Human neutralizing monoclonal antibody inhibition of middle. Mers was first identified in 2012 in the middle east. Update on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov marion kainer md, mph, fracp, fshea director, healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial resistance program tennessee department of health hai. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is an emerging infectious disease caused by a recently identified respiratory virus, mers coronavirus merscov which causes severe respiratory illness.
Middle east respiratory syndrome mers chapter 4 2020. It is caused by a common type of virus called coronavirus. Number of patients who did not survive ns and received each therapy reported where available. Symptoms of middle east respiratory syndrome mers risks of middle east respiratory syndrome mers treatment of middle east respiratory syndrome mers prevention of middle east respiratory syndrome mers surveillance of middle east respiratory syndrome mers for health professionals.
Rki zu schweren respiratorischen erkrankungen in verbindung mit merscov pdf, 5 kb. Our understanding of climate factors and their links to the. Pdf middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel singlestranded, positivesense rna beta coronavirus merscov. Read about transmission, incubation period, and treatment of this coronavirus infection. A case of imported middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and public health response, greece, april 2014. What you need to know about mers the new york times. It causes fever, coughing, and shortness of breath. Mers is middle east respiratory syndrome, which is brought on by a virus that has wreaked havoc in the eastern hemisphere. The disease was first reported in 2012 in saudi arabia. The vulnerability approach suggests that disasters such as epidemics have different effects according not only to physical vulnerability but also to economic class status. Emerg microbes infect 2019 published online may 23 diagnostic delays in middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients and. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov united arab emirates. Radiology perspective of coronavirus disease 2019 covid.
Update on middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. This paper examines the effect of the middle east respiratory syndrome epidemic on the labor market to investigate whether vulnerable groups become more vulnerable due to an interaction between the. Who middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Ginder, ms, nremt, pi, ches, ncee health education specialist. Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection. April 30, 2014 1 middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov johns hopkins ofice of critical event preparedness. Explore the cause of middle east respiratory syndrome and how the virus that causes it is believed to be spread. Cov that was first identified in saudi arabia in 2012. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory.
Information about middle east respiratory syndrome mers what is mers. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov is a newly recognized beta coronavirus that was first reported in 2012 in saudi arabia. About 30% of people who have gotten this illness have died. Although mers is endemic to the middle east, travelers have. The middle east respiratory syndrome is caused by a coronavirus that was first identified in saudi arabia in 2012. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is an acute respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus called mers coronavirus merscov. Case study of middle east respiratory syndrome merscov. New prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to combat human infections are urgently needed. Mers middle east respiratory syndrome infection can spread through respiratory secretions. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a newly recognized respiratory pathogen first identified in a patient from saudi arabia in june 2012 1. Arabi ym, arifi aa, balkhy hh, najm h, aldawood as, ghabashi a, et al. Working experiences of nurses during the middle east.
The majority of cases are the result of humantohuman transmission, with peaks of confirmed. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov ncbi. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a positive sense. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers, also known as camel flu, is a viral respiratory infection caused by the merscoronavirus merscov. Most of the reported cases worldwide remained associated with the arabian peninsula. But in some cases, the symptoms are severe and can lead to death. Middle east respiratory syndrome related coronavirus merscov, or emc2012 hcovemc2012, is a species of coronavirus which infects humans, bats, and camels. However, the mode of virus transmission is not well understood.
Most mers patients developed severe respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. Also find information on surveillance and for health professionals. The middle east respiratory syndrome merscov is a potentially fatal respiratory viral infection that has had outbreaks in the middle east and asia region starting in 2012. Who middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov has caused human respiratory infections with a high case fatality rate since 2012. A coronavirus is a common type of virus that most people have some time during their lives. Middle east respiratory syndrome alimuddin zumla, david s hui, stanley perlman middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a novel singlestranded, positivesense rna betacoronavirus merscov. Summary unicef provides a list of available supplies for the prevention, treatment, and emergency response to outbreaks of middle east respiratory syndrome mers. To explore working experiences of nurses during middle east respiratory syndrome outbreak.
Prevalence of comorbidities in the middle east respiratory. It is an rna virus, with positive sense, singlestranded rna genomes of 30. Treatment of middle east respiratory syndrome mers canada. Since then, and as of 16 january 2020, 2 521 cases have been reported worldwide, including 919 deaths crude case fatality 36%. Global deployments to the middle east and south korea, coupled with close living quarters in those situations, increase mers exposure risk for military personnel. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov is associated with lifethreatening severe illnesses and a mortality rate of approximately 35%, particularly in patients with underlying comorbidities. Middle east respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus.
The middle eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a particular type of coronavirus which has caused illness over the past year, primarily in the middle east. Corman v, muller ma, costabel u, timm j, binger t, meyer b, et al. We isolated a fully human neutralizing antibody, mca1, from a human survivor. They typically cause mild to moderate upper respiratory tract disease in humans and some coronaviruses can infect animals. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers accessscience. Similarly, treatment of merscov infection at present depends.
It is caused by a virus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, or merscov. Learn about middle east respiratory syndrome, its causes, symptoms, risks, treatment and prevention. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov is a new human disease that was first reported from saudi arabia in september 2012, after identification of a novel coronavirus cov from a male saudi arabian patient who died from severe pneumonia. The purpose of this thesis is to gain an indepth understanding of how this viral infection behaves in outbreaks. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers etiology bmj best. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus called middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. It is caused by the mers coronavirus merscov and was first identified in saudi arabia in 2012. A rooted neighborjoining tree was generated from amino acid sequence alignments of. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a respiratory disease caused by a newly recognized middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov. Coronaviruses represent a family of viruses that range from the common cold to something more serious, such as sars.
Typical symptoms of mersaffected individuals include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers criteria bmj. Merscov is a betacoronavirus derived from bats symptoms may range from mild to severe. As merscov cases have also been reported among children, pediatric dentists are at risk of merscov infection. The disease has since been reported in other countries.
Symptoms include fever, dry cough, and severe shortness of breath. From 17 september through 15 october 2018, the international health regulations ihr 2005 national focal point of saudi arabia reported eight additional cases of merscov infection, including three deaths. Infection is caused by the novel betacoronavirus middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov, an enveloped, positivesense, singlestranded rna virus with a genomic size of approximately 30,000 nucleotides. The index case had recently traveled to ksa, qatar, uae, and bahrain. Mers was first reported on 22 september 2012 in saudi arabia. It can start with a fever and cough, which can develop into pneumonia and breathing difficulties. There are reports of three persons in the united states being infected with merscov. The infecting virus is an enveloped, positivesense, singlestranded rna virus which enters its host cell by binding to the dpp4 receptor.
Clinical manifestations range from mild to severe acute respiratory disease and death. The middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov was first discovered in 2012 in a patient who died from severe respiratory disease. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with mers have died. The middle east respiratory syndrome mers is a novel lethal zoonotic disease of humans caused by the mers coronavirus merscov. Learn about the symptoms and what to do if you become ill. It was first reported in 2012 in saudi arabia and is thus far linked to countries in or near the arabian peninsula united arab emirates uae, qatar, oman, jordan, kuwait, yemen, and lebanon. Cov, the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome sars, oc43, and hku1. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov remains a. The first case of mers was reported in saudi arabia in 2012. These viruses cause mild to moderate respiratory illness.
Literature update and risk assessment, 5 december 2016 2 in october 2015, a cluster of eight merscov cases was reported from an expatriate community in riyadh, saudi arabia. Coronaviruses can cause illness similar to the common cold in the winter and spring months. Syndrome coronavirus merscov and how to tell them apart. A rooted neighborjoining tree was generated from aminoacid. Author summary severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus sarscov and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus merscov caused global pandemics in 2003 and 2012 with the fatality rates. The known imaging manifestations of the novel coronavirus and the possible unknowns will. Family cluster of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is an infection of the lungs caused by a virus known as a coronavirus and is written as merscov. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers, also known as camel flu is a viral respiratory infection caused by the merscoronavirus merscov. The person was not ill during travel and his source of infection is under investigation. This database documents cases of merscov globally, with specific attention. Summary of specific treatments used by clinicians for the treatment of merscov in humans in each of the studies. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers prevention bmj. Fact sheet about middle east respiratory syndrome mers.
Aug 02, 2019 merscov, like other coronaviruses, likely spreads from an infected persons respiratory secretions, such as through coughing. It is different from other coronaviruses that have previously been found in humans. Coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome sars. Middle east respiratory syndrome mers is an illness that affects your respiratory system. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus also known as mers or merscov is a rare but severe respiratory illness. Dromedary camels, hosts for merscov, are implicated in direct or indirect transmission. The findings of epidemiological and virological studies prompted us to hypothesize that the human gastrointestinal tract could serve as an alternative route to acquire mers. Merscov is not the same as the sarsassociated coronavirus sarscov that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome sars in 2003. Aug 24, 2015 experts show that while middle east respiratory syndrome merscov, a viral respiratory illness, is infecting less people, it has a higher mortality rate and affects a specific target population. Antiviral treatment suggested for merscov infection.
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